In the course of human history, man has continuously developed newer materials, primarily to improve the tools. The quest originated with the use of naturally occurring stones and sticks which he shares with his cousin, the chimpanzee. Since then the quest has resulted in the miracles of ancient metallurgy and today has reached the nano dimension. Man currently has the capacity to manufacture millions of electronic devices on a small chip of silicon. each of the transistors being as small as a few nanometers. He has also learnt to manipulate individual atoms and the capabilities of living organisms which they acquired in the course of 3.5 billion years of evolution. These exciting capabilities in turn are the consequences of the fundamental understanding of physics, chemistry and biology. This book provides a bird's eye view of the saga of human materials development from the stone age to nanomaterials and genetic engineering and a coherent brief description of the science which underpins the development